Alle nummers werden opnieuw opgenomen en dan ook bijna allemaal door hemzelf. Dochter Laura was een van de zeldzame anderen die aan het album werkten.

De nieuwe opnames werden gespeeld en ingezongen op de manier waarop Lynne ze eigenlijk destijds al had op willen nemen.

Een van de problemen van toen was de stand der techniek. Het album bereikte nr. Een deel van de nieuwe opnames was al bekend. Op 22 april verscheen Live , een livealbum.

De meeste nummers werden in uitgebracht op de Zoom Tour Live. Op Live staan geen nummers van het album Zoom , wel de live-registraties uit van de hitsingles Confusion en Secret Messages.

Die stonden dus weer niet op Zoom Tour Live'. Ze waren de hoofdact van die avond, waarbij geld werd ingezameld voor het goede doel.

Blue Sky ten gehore. In september kwam violist Wilf Gibson na een kort ziekbed te overlijden. Gibson speelde op het album ELO 2. Het concert werd door BBC 4 op 17 oktober uitgezonden.

In september verscheen het optreden op dvd. ELO keerde opnieuw terug in de hitlijsten. Na een paar jaar werd duidelijk dat door het optreden van ELO het festival op een hoger niveau werd getild, aldus Jo Whiley, de presentatrice van het festival.

Lynne kondigde vrij snel na het concert een nieuw album aan. De single werd vergezeld met een videoclip. De singles zouden vanaf dat moment, tot verdriet van veel fans, alleen als download en promo-CDS verschijnen en niet op een makkelijk te krijgen vinyl single of CDS.

Lynne was hierbij producer, tekstschrijver, arrangeur, leadzanger en gitarist. Van de 13 nieuwe nummers verschenen 10 de reguliere uitgave, twee extra nummers op de "expanded edition" en, zoals gebruikelijk, nog een extra nummer voor de Japanse uitgave.

Op 9 november en op de dag van verschijnen, 13 november , trad Jeff Lynne's Electric Light Orchestra opnieuw op in Engeland. Jeff was diverse keren te gast in radio- en tv-shows en de band gaf een aantal kortere en langere optredens voor de radio.

Daarna volgden een paar kleinere optredens in de VS. In maart volgde de single met videoclip Ain't It A Drag. De optredens in Europa waren, ook de extra data, uitverkocht.

De band treedt ook op voor een publiek van Tandy had om gezondheidsproblemen af moeten haken. In de zomer werden in de UK vier grote concerten gegeven.

Het optreden in een uitverkocht Wembley ruim Vertaald: Wembley of niets alles of niets. In november werd ook een nieuwe wereldtournee in aangekondigd in de VS, Canada en Europa.

Het werd een grotere tournee met veel meer concerten en in Europa ook in meer landen. Nederland werd opnieuw aangedaan.

Nog in dezelfde maand en in de maanden erop werden extra data bekend gemaakt in Europa en de VS. Veel concerten waren uitverkocht, ook het concert in Nederland.

Eind oktober kondigde Jeff Lynne een nieuwe tournee aan van 20 data in juni en juli in de VS en Canada.

Als voorprogramma werd Dhani Harrison zoon van George Harrison gevraagd. Op 6 november overleed, na een lang ziekbed, cellist Hugh McDowell.

McDowell zat vanaf het begin in ELO. Het waren de cellisten Hugh McDowell en Melvin Gale die tijdens optredens de gekste capriolen met hun cello uithaalden, ondertussen gewoon doorspelend.

If the game is a draw, the two players are assumed to have performed at nearly the same level. Elo did not specify exactly how close two performances ought to be to result in a draw as opposed to a win or loss.

To simplify computation even further, Elo proposed a straightforward method of estimating the variables in his model i.

One could calculate relatively easily from tables how many games players would be expected to win based on comparisons of their ratings to those of their opponents.

The ratings of a player who won more games than expected would be adjusted upward, while those of a player who won fewer than expected would be adjusted downward.

Moreover, that adjustment was to be in linear proportion to the number of wins by which the player had exceeded or fallen short of their expected number.

From a modern perspective, Elo's simplifying assumptions are not necessary because computing power is inexpensive and widely available.

Moreover, even within the simplified model, more efficient estimation techniques are well known. Several people, most notably Mark Glickman , have proposed using more sophisticated statistical machinery to estimate the same variables.

On the other hand, the computational simplicity of the Elo system has proven to be one of its greatest assets. With the aid of a pocket calculator, an informed chess competitor can calculate to within one point what their next officially published rating will be, which helps promote a perception that the ratings are fair.

The USCF implemented Elo's suggestions in , [4] and the system quickly gained recognition as being both fairer and more accurate than the Harkness rating system.

Subsequent statistical tests have suggested that chess performance is almost certainly not distributed as a normal distribution , as weaker players have greater winning chances than Elo's model predicts.

Significant statistical anomalies have also been found when using the logistic distribution in chess. The table is calculated with expectation 0, and standard deviation The normal and logistic distribution points are, in a way, arbitrary points in a spectrum of distributions which would work well.

In practice, both of these distributions work very well for a number of different games. Each organization has a unique implementation, and none of them follows Elo's original suggestions precisely.

It would be more accurate to refer to all of the above ratings as Elo ratings and none of them as the Elo rating. Instead one may refer to the organization granting the rating.

There are also differences in the way organizations implement Elo ratings. For top players, the most important rating is their FIDE rating.

FIDE has issued the following lists:. A list of the highest-rated players ever is at Comparison of top chess players throughout history.

Performance rating is a hypothetical rating that would result from the games of a single event only.

Some chess organizations [ citation needed ] use the "algorithm of " to calculate performance rating. According to this algorithm, performance rating for an event is calculated in the following way:.

This is a simplification, but it offers an easy way to get an estimate of PR performance rating. Permanent Commissions, A simplified version of this table is on the right.

FIDE classifies tournaments into categories according to the average rating of the players. Each category is 25 rating points wide.

Category 1 is for an average rating of to , category 2 is to , etc. For women's tournaments, the categories are rating points lower, so a Category 1 is an average rating of to , etc.

The top categories are in the table. FIDE updates its ratings list at the beginning of each month. In contrast, the unofficial "Live ratings" calculate the change in players' ratings after every game.

The unofficial live ratings of players over were published and maintained by Hans Arild Runde at the Live Rating website until August Another website, chess.

Rating changes can be calculated manually by using the FIDE ratings change calculator. In general, a beginner non-scholastic is , the average player is , and professional level is The K-factor , in the USCF rating system, can be estimated by dividing by the effective number of games a player's rating is based on N e plus the number of games the player completed in a tournament m.

The USCF maintains an absolute rating floor of for all ratings. Thus, no member can have a rating below , no matter their performance at USCF-sanctioned events.

However, players can have higher individual absolute rating floors, calculated using the following formula:.

Higher rating floors exist for experienced players who have achieved significant ratings. Such higher rating floors exist, starting at ratings of in point increments up to , , , A rating floor is calculated by taking the player's peak established rating, subtracting points, and then rounding down to the nearest rating floor.

Under this scheme, only Class C players and above are capable of having a higher rating floor than their absolute player rating.

All other players would have a floor of at most There are two ways to achieve higher rating floors other than under the standard scheme presented above.

If a player has achieved the rating of Original Life Master, their rating floor is set at The achievement of this title is unique in that no other recognized USCF title will result in a new floor.

Pairwise comparisons form the basis of the Elo rating methodology. Liviu Dieter Nisipeanu Evgenij Naer Ivan Sokolov Ferenc Berkes Michail Tal' Vadim Milov Jon Ludvig Hammer Emil Sutovskij Markus Ragger Michail Krasenkov Il'ja Smiryn Aleksandr Chalifman Zurab Azmaiparashvili Ihor Kovalenko Gabriel Sargsyan Gawain Jones Baskaran Adhiban Peter Heine Nielsen Igor' Lysyj Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.

Disambiguazione — Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi ELO. Questa voce o sezione deve essere rivista e aggiornata appena possibile.

Se puoi, contribuisci ad aggiornarla. URL consultato il 23 agosto URL consultato il 21 luglio archiviato dall' url originale il 5 dicembre URL consultato il 3 settembre Das Album war vor allem in England, wo es Platz 1 der Albumcharts erreichte, sehr erfolgreich.

Gesang, Gitarre, Piano , E-Bass. Schlagzeug , Gesang. Keyboard , Synthesizer. Keyboards, Waldhorn. Erstveröffentlichung: In: overture.

Abgerufen am März englisch. In: stern. Oktober Website der Hall of Fame, abgerufen am Blue Sky' at Rock Hall of Fame.

In: Rolling Stone. Juni ]. In: jefflynnesongs. Jeff Lynne, , abgerufen am Januar englisch. Ken Stavensoe Nielsen, Dezember , abgerufen am November , abgerufen am August Electric Light Orchestra.

Inzwischen konnte Carlsen den Rekord auf erhöhen Liste vom Mai Elo-Zahlen können auch für einzelne Turniere berechnet werden.

Louis eine Elo-Leistung von Die Elo-Zahlen der Schachcomputer bzw. Computerprogramme sind nicht ohne weiteres mit denen menschlicher Schachspieler zu vergleichen, da sie überwiegend durch Partien zwischen Computern ermittelt wurden und nicht durch Teilnahme an offiziellen Turnieren.

Die neue Punkte-Zahl von Spieler A ist. Oktober Februar Inzwischen wurde es durch das Ligasystem ersetzt, dem aber noch das Elo-System zu Grunde liegt.

Bei LP muss man ein Best of three bzw. November The Method of Paired Comparisons. Biometrika, Bd. August Hunter: MM algorithms for generalized Bradley—Terry models.

The Annals of Statistics, Bd. Mathematische Zeitschrift , Bd. In: Schach Nachrichten. September , abgerufen am 8.

September